Grinding-machine.



PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905. E. H. PARKS (in J. J. TEACHER.

GRINDING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1905.

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WITNESSES No. 797,216. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905,. E. H. PARKS & J. J. TEACHER GRINDING MAG'HINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3. 1905.

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WITNESSES PATENTED AUG 15, 19,05. J. TEACHER.

B H. PARKS & J

GRINDING MACHINE. APPLIOA'IIION Hum an". a. 1905.

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GRINDING MACHINE,

APPLICATION 111.111) 11111.3,1905.

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No. 797,216. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905. E. H. PARK?) J. J. TEACHER. GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1905- 13 BHEETH -BHEET 5.

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LUM 'E No. 797,216. PATENTED AUG}, 15, 1905., E. H. PARKS & J. J. TEACHER GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1905.

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No. 797.216. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905. E, H. PARKS & J. J. TEACHER.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIQN FILED JAN. 3. 1905.

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797,216. PATENTBD AUG. 15, 1905.

E. H. PARKS &'J. J. TEACHER.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.3,1905.

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GRINDING MACHINE. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 3. 1905.

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GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. s. 1905.

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IBET FE. E 7. INVENTBFW W KM WITNZEE/ES W 5 @114 ANDREW. l3. 0mm" co. wmo-umocrmnsns. wnsmmzmn o c v PATENTED AUG, 15, 1905 E. H PARKS (is J'. J, TEACHER,

GRINDING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILBD JAN. 3, 1905.

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GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.'3,1905.

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No. 797,216. PATENTED AUG.15, 1905. E. H. PARKS & J. J. TEACHER. GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1905. L 13 SHEETS-SHEBT 13.

WITNESSES INVENTUM I IE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD I-I. PARKS, OP PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ANII JOl:lN

J. TEACHER, OP AT'ILICBORO,

MASSACI-IUSETTIS, ASSIGNORPT TO BROVV N AND SHARPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PROVI- DENCE, RHODE ISLAND, A CORPORATION OP RHODIC ISLAND.

ealunme ivmomue.

fipecification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1905.

A li ti n fil d January 3, 1905. Serial No. 239,448.

To all when) it m/rt l concern.-

Be it known that we, EDWARD H. PARKS, of the city and county oi Providence and State of .Rhode Island, and JOHN J. THAonnn, of Attleboro, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvel'nents in Grinding-Ma chines; and we do hereby declare the following specification, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same, to be a full, clear, and exact descri ption thereof.

The invention relates to grinding-machines oi the type employed for grinding sha't'ts or other cylindrical or tapered work in which the work is supported upon centers and contin uously revolved while being acted upon by a grinding-wheel, either the work or the grinding-w heel being reci 'n'ocated so that the wheel acts progressively along the work.

In this class of machines it is frequently desirable to stop the reciprocating carriage upon which either the work or the grindingwheel is mounted at one end of its stroke for the purpose of calipering the work or for removing finished work and introducing a new piece.

One feature of the invention consists in providing means which may be set at any time during the o 'ieration ot' the machine and which when thus set will cause the reciprocating carriage to stop and remain at rest when it reachesthe end of its travel in the direction in which it happens to be moving at the time the stopping means is set. By means of this device the operator may at any time during the travel of the carriage provide for the stopping of the reciprocating carriage when the work and grinding-wheel are next brougt into such relation that the wheel is beyond the end of the work.

In this class of machines the grinding-wheel is mounted upon a cross-slide, which is advanced or fed forward after each stroke of the reciprocating carriage in order to bring the wheel in o position to take a new cut.

Certain features of the invention relate to the means for insuring an accurate and uniform positioning of the cross-slide in making successive cuts and in grinding duplicate pieces of work. P or this purpose the crossslide is positioned or its feed controlled by a stop against which the slide or a part i'lXGCl thereto is continually pressed during the operation of the grinding-wheel upon the work. In order that the slide may be forced against the stop with a uniform pressure and a resulting increase in the accuracy with which the slide is positioned, a fluid which is under constant pressure is employed for keeping the slide up to the stop.

It is frequently desirable to move the grind ing'wheel back away from the workas, for instance, in order to caliper the work at a certain point and to thereafter return the grinding-whe l accurately to position to continue to out. To enable this to be done, means are provided which are under the control of the operator for moving the cross-l ecd slide back away from the positioning-stop and returning it to position against the stop.

These features of invention, as well as numerous other features which will be set forth in the claims, will be understood from a detailed de cription of the machine in which we have embodied them and which illustrates all the various features of the invention in the forms in which we prefer to use them.

This machine is shown in the zwcompanyiug drawings, in which---- Figure I is a front elevation of the machine. Pig. 2 is a right-hand end elevation. Pig. 3 is an enlarged detail of parts shown in Pig. 1. Pig. 4 a sectional detail on line i: i, Fig. Pig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on line 5 5, Pig. 2. Pig. 6 is a transverse sectional view on line 6 (i, Fig. 1. Pig. 7 is a transverse sectional view on line 7 7, Pig. 1. Pig. is a detail showing the part of the gearing for operating the reciprocating carriage. Pig. 9 is a detail showing the parts for operating the clutch for throwing the carriage-operating mechanism into and out of operation. Fig. 10 is a detail section on line 10 10, Pig. 2, showing the guard for the rear way of the reciprocating carriage. Fig. 11 is a detail section on line 11 11, Pig. 7. Pig. 12 is a detail elevation oi the reversingmechanism, parts being shown in section. Pig. -.-3 is a sectional elevation on line 13 3, Pig. 7. Pigs. 14. and 15 are details of the carriz restopping mechanism, showing the parts in active and inactive position. Pig. It? is a' transverse sectional view on line 16 L6, liie'.

machines of this general type.

1. Fig. 17 is a partial elevation and partial section on the line 17 17, Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a detail of the plate for indicating the adjustment of the cross-feedpawl. Fig. 19 is a sectional view on line 19 19. Fig. 16. Fig. 20 is a sectional view on line 20 20, Fig. 16. Fig. 21 is a sectional view on line 21 21, Fig. 16. Fig. 22 is a detail showing a section on line 22 22, Fig. 21. Fig. 23 is a sectional view on line 23 23, 21. Fig. 24 is a sectional view on line 24 24. Fig. 20. Figs. 25 and 26 are details of devices shown in Fig. 19 for controlling the shifting of the belt which drives the grinding-wheel spindle. Fig. 27 is a sectional view on line 27 27, Fig. 28. Fig. 27 is a sectional view on line 27 27, Fig. 27. Fig. 28 is a vertical sectional view on line 28 28, Fig. 31, showing the oil tank and pump for maintaining a constant pressure in the pipes leading to the fluid-operated devices. Fig. 29 is a sectional elevation on line 29 29, Fig. 34, showing the take-up for the belt which drives the grinding-wheel spindle. Fig. 30 is a sectional detail on line 30 30, Fig. 32, showing the lost motion between the reciprocating carriage and its operating-rack.

Fig. 31 is a detail elevation, partly in section, showing the belts for driving the fluidpump and the grinding-wheel spindle, on line 31 31, Fig. 28. Fig. 32 is a sectional view on line 32 32, Fig. 29. Fig. 33 is a sectional detail on line 33 33, Fig. 32. Fig. 34 is a trans verse sectional view on line 34 34, Fig. 29.

In the grind ing-machine shown in the drawings the relative movement between the work and grinding wheel during the action of the Wheel upon the work is effected by a longitudinal feed of the grinding-wheel, while the work is rotated on fixed centers. The workcenters on which the work is supported are mounted in head and tail stocks 1 2, adjustably secured upon ways formed on a swivel-table 3, such as is commonly used in grinding- The work is continuously rotated by suitable gearing and shafting (indicated at 4, Fig. 1) which receives motion from a shaft 5, connected with the driving-shaft 6, Fig. 5, through a belt 7.

The grinding-wheel spindle 6 is carried by a cross-feed slide 9, mounted on ways 10, formed on a feed-carriage 11, Fig. 2. The grinding-wheel carriage 11 is mounted for movement upon front and rear ways 12 and 13, which extend longitudinally or lengthwise of the bed of the machine. The carriage is moved back and forth along the ways to feed the grinding-wheel along the work, and the cross-slide 9 may be advanced a step at each end of the stroke of the carriage to position the grinding-wheel for a fresh cut.

The grinding-wheel carriage 11 is given its feeding movements by means of two pinions 14, engaging a rack 15, connected with the carriage, Fig. 6. By employing two pinions the carriage may be given a wide range of movement with a comparatively short rack upon the carriage. The pinions 14 are formed upon shafts 14, which are connected, by means of gears 16, secured to the shafts, and intermediate gears 17, with a driving-pinion 18, through which the automatic movements are imparted to the pinions 14 and the carriage 11, Figs. 7 and 8. The pinion 18 is secured to a sleeve 19, loosely mounted upon a fixed shaft 20 and driven through a worm 21, which engages a worm-wheel 22, mounted upon the sleeve 19 and adapted to be connected or disconnected therewith. The means of connecting the worm-wheel 22 with the sleeve 19 consists of a clutch-sleeve 23, keyed to slide upon the sleeve 19 and provided with a clutch-face 24, adapted to engage a similar clutch-face formed on a disk secured to the worm-wheel. The clutch-sleeve 23 is forced yieldingly in engagement with the wormwheel 22 by means of springs 25, which hold the clutch normally in engagement with the clutch-wheel. The clutch-sleeve may be disengaged from the worm-wheel to disconnect the grinding-wheel carriage from its operating mechanism by means of a lever 26, pivoted in lugs formed on a slide 27, which is mounted in agroove in the shaft 20 and is connected with a yoke 28, having an arm 29 engaging an annular groove in the clutch sleeve. The end of the lever 26 is arranged to engage the end of the shaft 20, so that a downward movement of the lever will cause the slide 27 to be retracted, thereby disengaging the clutch-sleeve 23 from the wormwheel 22. \Vhen the lever 26 is thrown upward again, the spring 25 will reengage the clutch-sleeve with the worm-wheel, thereby throwing the carriage-feeding mechanism into operation again.

lVhen the mechanism for automatically operating the carriage is thrown out of operation, the carriage may be manually operated by either of two hand-wheels 16, arranged at the front of the machine and secured to shafts 17, provided with pinions 18 engaging internal gear-teeth 19, formed on the gears 16, Fig. 6.

The worm 21 is rotated to feed the grindingwheel carriage along the work 'in one direction for a predetermined distance and is then reversed and. rotated in the opposite direction to feed the carriage a predetermined distance in the opposite direction by a driving and reversing mechanism which is controlled by dogs adjustably secured to a reverse ing-bar which moves in unison with the grindingwheel carriage. The worm is driven through a clutch 30, keyed to slide upon a continuously-rotating shaft 31, Figs. 7, 11, and 12. The clutch 30 is provided with two oppositely-arranged clutch-faces arranged to engage similar clutch-faces formed on sleeves 32 33, surrounding the shaft 31 and separated therefrom by antifriction-sleeves 34. The

797,216 ti l? sleeves 32 33 are mounted in bearings carried by a plate 35, secured to the front of the machine, and are provided with gears 36 37, keyed to the respective sleeves. The gear 37 directly engages a gear 39, secured to the wormshaft, while the gear 36 is connected with the worm-shaft by means of an intermediate gear 38, engaging the gear 36 and a gear L0, secured to the worm-shaft. By shifting the clutch 30 from one clutch-sleeve to the other, therefore, the direction of rotation of the worm will be reversed, the grinding-wheel carriage being moved in one direction or the other, according to the clutch-sleeve with which the clutch 30 is engaged.

The clutch-shaft 31 is driven continuously through a gear 11, secured to the end of the shaft and engaging a gear 42, secured to a shaft 13, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 11. The shaft 4-3, is connected, throi'igh gears 45, with a shaft 4 1, which is driven from the shaft 5 by a belt L6, passing over pulleys 17 and 48, soon red to the respective shafts.

The clutch 30 is shifted to reverse the movement of the grinding-wheel carriage by the action of reversing-dogs 4:9 50, carried by a bar 51 and arranged to act upon a reversing-lever 52, the movement of which causes a shifting of the clutch. The bar 51, which carries the reversing-dogs, is so connected with the grinding-wheel carriage that any movement of the carriage is accompanied by a movement of the bar, the movement of the bar and carriage being in the same direction. The means for thus connecting the reversingbar and reciprocating carriage consists of gearing interposed between the sleeve 19 and a rack formed on the bar 51. This gearing is shown in Fig. 7 and consists of a gear 5 1, forl'ned on the sleeve 19, which engages a gear 55, secured to a shaft 56, which is provided with a pinion 57, meshing with a pinion 56, which engages the rack 53.

The reversing-lever 52 is connected with the clutch through the intermediate devices shown in Figs. 3, 7, and 11 to 13. As shown in those views, the lever 52 is mounted upon a bearing 59, projecting from the front plate of the machine, and is provided on its lower end with a segment 60, engaging a segment formed on the end of an arm 61. The arm 61 is secured to the outer end of a rock-shaft 62, t0 the inner end of which is secured an arm 63. This arm 63 is provided at its lower end with projections 6 1, lying between collars 65 on a rod 66, so that the rod is moved by the rocking movement of the shaft 62 and arm 63. The rod 66 mounted in bearing-sleeves 67, secured to a yoke 68, which is provided with arms 69, carrying rolls engaging an annular groove 70 in the clutch 30. The yoke 68 is supported by the bearing-sleeves 67, which engage bearing-lmshings mounted in the plate 35. The rod 66, which is operated by the arm 63, is connected with the yoke 68 by meansof springs 71 72, arranged between the collars 65 and the bottoms of the recesses formedin the sleeves 67.

When the shaft 62 is rocked bythc engagement of one of the reversing-dogs with the upper end of the lever 52, the arm 63 acts to shift the rod 66 in one direction or the other, according to the direction in which the grinding-wheel carriage is moving. Suppose the parts to be in the position indicated in Figs. 11 to 13, then when the grinding-wheel carriage reaches the end of its stroke one of the dogs will strike the end of the reversing-lever 52, thereby swinging the arm 63 toward the right in these views. This movement will shift the bar 66 toward the right, and this bar acting through the spring 71 will tend to move the yoke 68 toward the right, and thus shift the clutch from the clutch-sleeve 32 to the clutch-sleeve 33. This movement of the yoke 68 will be DI'OVOl'ltOCl, however, by a latch 73, arranged to engage a shoulder 7 1 on theyoke. The shifting of the bar 66 will therefore con1- press the spring 71 until the latch 73 is disengaged from the shoulder 74. by the action of a cam 75, formed on the arm 63 and arranged to engage the end of the latch 73. When the latch is thus disengaged, thcspring 71 will act to suddenly shift the yoke 68 and clutch toward the right, therel.)y engaging the clutch with the sleeve 33 and reversing the movement of the grinding-wheel carriage. When the grinding-wheel carriage reaches the end of its stroke in the opposite direction, the lever 52 will be shifted in the opposite direction, tl'lereby moving the arm 63 toward the left. This movement of the arm will first compress the spring 72, the yoke being held by the latch 76, and the contini'ied movement of the arm 63 will disengage the latch 76, thereby releasing the yoke, so that it will be suddenly shifted toward the left to engage the clutch 30 with the sleeve 32 and again reverse the movement of the grindingwheel carriage. Thus the carriage will be reciprocated through a distance depending upon the adjustment of the dogs 1) and 56 upon the controlling-bar The reversing mechanism may be manually operated by means of either one of two lovers 51, which are comiected with the reversinglever by a rod 52", pivoted to the reversing-lever and to arms 53, projecting upward from the hubs of the levers 51, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 7.

In order that the grinding-wheel carriage may be moved to a position beyond the revcrsing-point when desired without changing the :uliustmentof the reversing-dogs, the dogs are pivoted to the adjustable blocks 77 so that their front ends may be thrown up out of position to engage the love- 52. When thus thrown up, as indicated at the left in Fig. 3, the dog is held in raised position by a spring latch-pin 7 i'i, arranged to engage a recess in the dog, Fig. 1. hen in this position, the dog will pass over the end of the lever 52 without operating the lever, and as it passes the lever it will be disengaged from the catch 78 and return to normal position by the action of the lever 52 upon a tailpiece '79 formed on the dog. hen the carriage and the bar 51 move in the opposite direction, the dog will ride over the end of the lever 52 until it has passed the lever, when it will drop back into normal position, since the lifting of the dog by the lever is not sufiicient to bring the recess in the dog into register with the spring-catch. The dog will now act upon the lever to reverse the movement of the grinding-wheel carriage until it is again moved out of operative position by the operator.

In order to enable the reciprocating carriage to be stopped at either end of its travel without requiring the presence and attention of the operator at the moment of such stopping, a device is provided which may be set by the operator at any time during the operation of the machine and which when so set will cause the arrest of the carriage at the point where it would otherwise be reversed. This device as embodied in the machine consists of a stopping device for arresting the movement of the reversing-clutch so that the clutch is retained in mid-position, and thus renders the carriage-operating mechanism inactive. The construction of this stop device is illustrated in Figs. 7, 11, 13 to 15. As shown in these views, the device consists of two stoppawls 8O 81, mounted upon a carrying-plate 32 and arranged to be brought into the path of cooperating shoulders or lugs 83 84 on the yoke 68. The pawls are pivoted on the shaft 85, to which the plate 82 is secured, and are held in normal position against the sides of a recess in the plate by springs 86. During the normal running of the machine the plate 82 stands in the position indicated in Fig. let, in which the pawls 80 and 81 are held out of the path of the lugs 83 EM, so that they do not interfere with the reversing movements of the yoke 68 and clutch 30. If it is desired that the carriage shall stop when it reaches the end of its stroke in the direction in wnich it is moving, the plate 82 is moved into the position indicated in Figs. 13 and 15. During this movement of the plate one of the stop-pawls will strike against the cooperating lug and will yield against the tension of its spring to allow the movement of the plate 82 into the position indicated. This movement of the plate will bring the other stop-pawl into the path of the corresponding lug on the yoke, where it will prevent sufiicient movement of the reversing clutch to reverse the movement of the carriage. As indicated in Figs.

Now when the arm 63 is shifted toward the right as the grinding-wheel carriage reaches the end of its stroke the lug 83 will bring up against the stop-pawl 80 after the clutch 30 has moved sufliciently to d isengage it from the sleeve 32 and before it has moved far enough to engage with the sleeve 33. The clutch will therefore be held in midposition and the carriage will remain at rest until the plate 82 is swung into normal position, thereby carrying the pawl 80 out of the path of the lug 83, so that the shifting movement of the clutch may be completed by the spring 72 and the movement of the carriage in the opposite direction take place.

The means for operating the carrier-plate 82 to set the stop-pawls or to return them to normal position consists of a lever 86, pivoted on a bearing 87, which surrounds the shaft 62 and connected with the shaft 85, which carries the plate 82, by means of an arm 88, secured to said shaft and engaging a recess in the lower end of the lever. The upper end of the lever 86 is provided with two arms 89; connected by a plate 90, which passes back of a guard-plate 91. The plate 90 is provided with the word Stop, as indicated in Fig. 3, which appears at one side of the plate 91 when the lever is turned into position to set the stop-pawls to effect the stopping of the carriage. The plate may also be provided with the word Reverse, which will appear on the opposite side of the plate 91 when the lever is in position with the stop-pawls out of operation, so that the reversing of the carriage will take place.

It is desirable, especially in grinding up to a shoulder on a piece of work, that the work should make at least a complete revolution at the end of the cutting stroke without any relative movement between the wheel and work, so that the work may be acted upon throughout its periphery by the grindingwheel at this point. In order to accomplish this desirable result, means are provided for causing a dwell of the grinding-wheel carriage at each end of its reciprocation.

In the machine illustrated the dwell at the end of the reciprocation of the carriage is provided for by so connecting the rack 15 with the carriage 11 that the rack may have a limited movement with relation to the carriage when the movement of the carriageoperating mechanism is reversed. For this purpose the rack 15 is mounted in a guideslot in the carriage 11 and is provided with a recess 92,within which is arranged a block 93, secured to the carriage, Fig. 30. The recess 92 is somewhat longer than the block 93, so that there is a limited amount of lost motion between the rack 15 and the carriage when the movement of the rack is reversed. For instance, if the parts are moving toward the left in Fig. 30 the right end 94; of the recess 92 will engage the end of the block 93, so that the carriage will move toward the left with the rack. When the motion of the operating mechanism for the carriage is reversed, the rack will move toward the right independently of the carriage 11 until the end 95 of the recess 92 strikes the block 93, when the carriage will be moved toward the right with the rack. During this independent movement of the rack 15, which will occur at each end of the stroke of the carriage, the carriage will remain stationary, so that the grinding-wheel may act through the circumference of the work without any progressive movement along the work.

The lost motion for effecting the dwell of the carriage may be provided for in any part of the connections between the reversing mechanism and the carriage; but it is preferred to provide the lost motion between the rack and carriage in the manner shown. The independent movement of the rack with relation to the carriage is also utilized to control the cross-feed of the grinding-wheel slide, as will be explained hereinafter in grimling-machines it is desirable that the ways on which the reciprocating carriage moves should be protected in order to avoid the accumulation of dirt and water thereon, and we have therefore provided the exposed rear way 15 for the carriage 11 with a guard which covers and protects that part of the way which is not engaged by the carriage. This guard consists of a flexible strip 96, which extends from one end of the way to the other and passes over guides 97 on the carriage, so that that part of the carriage which engages the way may travel back and forth under the guard-strip while the strip on each side of the carriage is maintained in close proximity to or engagement with the way, Fig. 10. Each end of the strip is secured to the base of the machine in the plane of the way, and the guides 97, under which the strip passes, are arranged to travel close to the way, so that the strip is lifted from the way on the advance side of the carriage and is directed down close to the way on the rear side of the carriage.

The spindle 8, which carries the grindingwheel W, is continuously driven by a belt 98, passing over one of two pulleys99 100 on the spindle and over a drum 101, secured to the driving-shaft 6, the belt traveling along the drum as the grinding-wheel carriage reciprocates, Figs. 1, 10, 1.9, 31, and 3 1. The pulleys 99 and 100 are of different diam eter,so that the speed of the spindle may be increased by shifting the belt from the pulley 99 to the pulley 100 after the grinding-wheel has worn down, and thus the peripheral speed of the wheel restored to the peripheral speed of the wheel when of original size. in order that the grinding-wheel may work efficiently, itis desirable that the belt should be shifted from the large pulley to the small pulley after the grindingavheel has been worn away to a delinite extent and that it should not be shifted previous to this time. it is also desirable that the wheel should be removed and a new wheel substituted when the wheel has been reduced in size to a certain point. It is also important that the belt should be returned to the large pulley when the new wheel is substituted for the old wheel.

in order to insure the shifting of the belt at the proper times and to prevent the shifting of the belt at other times, the machine is provided with means for positioning the belt, which is controlled or regulated by the size of the grinding-wheel. Thismeans consists of a belt-shifter 102, provided with arms 103, arranged on opposite sides of the belt 98. The belt-shifter is supported upon a shaft 104: and upon a screw-shaft 105", Figs. 16, 19, and 21. The shifter is moved to carry the belt from one pulley to the other by means of the screwshaft 105, which engages a nut 100, carried in the lower sleeve 107 of the belt-shifter. The lateral movement of the belt-shifter to carry the belt from one pulley to the other is controlled by a key 105 on the shaft 10 1 and a controlling-sleeve 106, secured in the part of the shifter which surrounds the shaft 10.

The sleeve 106, as shown in Figs. 19, 25, and 26, is provided with a longitmlinal slot 107 for the passage of the key 105 when the belt-shifter is moved laterally to shift the belt. The sleeve is cut away at each end to form recesses 108 109, which extend on opposite sides of the slot 107 the recess 108 extending from the left side of the slot toward the right in Fig. 26 and the recess 109 extending from the right side of the slot toward the left, as indicated in dottedlines in Fig. 26.

\Vhen a full-size grinding-wheel is on the grinding-wheel spindle, the belt is on the larger pulley 99 and the key 105 lies in the recess 108 to the right of the slot 107. \Vhile in this position the key will prevent the movement of the belt-shifter toward the right in Fig. 19, since the key is in the position to be engaged by the end of the recess in the sleeve 106. As the wheel is worn away the shaft 10 i is rocked in a direction to move the key 105 toward the left in Fig. 26, and when the wheel has been worn away to a predetermined extent the key will be brought into position against the left side of the recess 108, where it will 'be in line with the slot 107. \Vhen the shaft 10% reaches this position, further movement of the shaft to correspond to further reduction in the diameter of the grind ing-wheel is prevented. This indicates that the belt should be shifted to the smaller pulley. Since the key 105 and slot 107 are in line, the shifting of the belt is permitted at this time, and this shifting is effected by turning the screw-shaft 1.05. As the belt-shifter moves toward the right in Fig. 19 the slot .107 rides along the key 105 until the key is brought into register with the recess 109, at

returned to the position indicated in Fig. 26.

In order to return the shaft to this position, it is necessary to turn the shaft back until the key 105 engages the right side of the recess 109 and to then shift the beltshifter 102 to the left in Fig. 19, thus carrying the belt onto the larger pulley. The operator cannot, therefore, apply the new grinding-wheel until he has first shifted the belt onto the larger pulley and cannot, therefore, by mistake or carelessness cause the wheel to be driven from the smaller pulley and at a dangerous or inefficient speed.

The means for moving the shaft 101 in accordance with the reduction in diameter of the grinding-wheel consists of an arm 110. secured to the end of the shaft and provided with a slot 111, Fig. 16, for engaging a pin 112, projecting from the water-guard 113 for the grinding-wheel. 1t is essential to the proper operation and running of the machine that the front end 114 of the water-guard should be close up to the periphery of the grinding-wheel, and the operator must therefore adjust this guard as the grinding-wheel is worn away. The rearward movement of the guard to keep it in proper relation to the grinding-wheel results in a movement of the shaft 104:. \Vhen the key 105 on the shaft 104 brings up against the side of the recess 108, thereby preventing further movement of the shaft, further rearward adjustment of the guard 11 1 is prevented. As the grinding-wheel wears down beyond this point, therefore, the operator must shift the belt onto the smaller pulley in order that he may'continue the rearward adjustment of the guard which is necessary for its proper operation. When the movement of the shaft 104 is arrested by the engagement of the key 105 with the side of the slot- 109,

further rearward adjustment of the guard 113 is prevented, and the operator must therefore remove the wheel when it is worn down sufficiently to prevent the proper operation of the guard. In putting on a new grindingwheel the guard must be returned to its original position, and this cannot be done until the belt has been shifted onto the larger pulley, as has been explained. This mechanism just described is an efficient form of speed-controller for the grinding-wheel which is dependent upon the diameter of the grinding- Wheel for its operation in varying the speed of the grinding-wheel spindle.

Figs. 27, 27, and 28.

The tension of the belt 98, which drives the grinding-wheel spindle, is maintained whatever the position of the cross-slide 9 by a belttightening or takeup pulley 115, which is forced constantly against the belt during the operation of the machine, Figs. 29 and 34.

This pulley is mounted in two arms 116, con nected by aplate 117 and pivoted upon studs 118. One of the arms 116 is provided with an upward extension 116, which is connected, by means of a link 119, with a piston 120. The piston is mounted in a cylinder 121, to which oil is supplied under a constant pressure througha pipe 121, which connects with the cylinder behind the piston. The pipe 121 leads from the cylinder 121 to a pressurechamber 122, formed in a valve-casing 123, Oil is supplied to the pressure-chamber 122 by means of a pump 121, arranged in an oil-tank 125 and connected with the pressure-chamber through a pipe 126. A constant pressure is maintained in the pressure-chamber 122 and pipe 121 during the operation of the machine by the action of the pump 124 in connection with a relief-valve 127, which controls the communication between the pressure-chamber and a passage 128, leading back into the supply-tank. The relief-valve is held in position by means of a spring 129, the tension of which may be adjusted by means of an adjusting-sleeve 130, so that the pressure in the pressure-chamber may be regulated as desired. The pump supplies an excess of oil to the chamber, and as soon as the pressure in the chamber is sufficient to overcome the tension of the spring 129 the valve 127 will open to allow the excess of oil to flow back into the oil-tank through the passage 128, thus maintaining a constant pressure in the pressure-chamber.

The action of the fluid under pressure upon the piston 120 forces the take-up pulley 115 against the belt with a uniform pressure whatever the position of the cross-slide 9, thereby maintaining a constant and uniform tension upon the belt.

The pump 124 is driven from the drum 101 through a belt 131, passing from the drum over guide-pulleys 132 and to a pulley 133, secured to a shaft 134, which is connected, by means of gears 135, with the pump, Figs. 5, 28, and 31. The pump will therefore be driven continuously during the operation of the machine to maintain the pressure in the chamber 122 and pipe 121 ,but will cease to act as soon as the machine is stopped, thereby relieving the pressure. The take-up pulley 115 will therefore rest idly upon the belt 98 when the machine is not running, and the tension on the belt will be relieved.

The position of the cross-slide 9 upon the carriage 11. and therefore the distance of the periphery of the grinding-wheel from the axis of the work, is determined and controlled by a stop connected with the carriage and a corevere operating stop connected with the slide, the stops being pressed together during the action of the grinding-wheel upon the work. in case of a special machine adapted for grinding one size of work these two stops may be immovably secured upon the carriage and slide. The machine shown, however, is a machine adapted for grinding various sizes of work, and one of the stops is so connected with the part which carries it that the position of the stop upon said part may be varied to vary the position of the grinding-wheel with relation to the work in grinding different sizes of work and in effecting the cross-feed of the wheel for successive cuts upon the same piece of work.

Various devices or mechanisms may be employed for pressing the stops together, and thereby accurately positioning the grindingwheel slide, although we prefer to press the stops together by means of a fluid under constant pressure, since with such construction the pressure may be accurately regulated, so that the stops will be forced together uniformly in taking successive cuts and in acting upon successive pieces of work. The use of a fluid under pressure for this purpose also contributes to the simplicity of the construction and of the devices for moving and controlling the heavy grinding-wheel slide.

The stops for controlling the position of the cross-slide in the machine shown consist of a stop-flange 136, formed on a screw-shaft 137, and a stop-block 138, connected with the crossslide 9. The scrcw-shaft137, on which the stop 136 is formed, is provided with a screwthreaded portion 139, engaging a nut 110, se cured in an arm 111, which is bolted to the carriage .11 and extends up into a position above the cross-slide, Figs. 19 and 21. The shaft 137 extends through the stop-block 138, and its rear end is journaled in a bearing 112, connected with the cross-slide. The stops 136 and 138 are pressed together by the action of oil under pressure supplied to a cylinder 113 between the end 111 of the cylinder and a piston 115, the cylinder being connected with the cross-slide and the piston being connected with the arm 111 of the carriage. 1V hen oil is supplied to this part of the cylinder, the pressure of the oil upon the end 111 of the cylinder forces the cross-slide forward, thereby pressing the block 133 firmly against the stopfiange 136 with a constant and uniform pressure.

it is frequently desirable to move the grinding-wheel away from the work and to then return the wheel to its former position. The cross'slide may be moved to carry the stopblock 138 away from the stop 136 by admitting oil under pressure into the cylinder 113 between the end 116 of the cylinder and the piston 115, the oil in the other end of the cylinder being allowed to escape at such time. This movement of the cross-slide will carry the grinding-wheel away from the work without disturbing tl adiustment of the stops upon the carriage and cross-slide. The wheel may be accurately returned to its former position, therefore, by again introducing the oil into the cylinder 113 between the end 111 of the cylinder and the piston 115, so that the stops will be again forced together with the same pressure as before they were separated.

()il under pressure is supplied to the cylinder 113 through a pipe 117, leading from the pipe 121 to a valve-casing 118, Figs. 20, 21, 27, and 28. The opposite ends of the cylinder 113 are connected with the valve-casing 118 through pipes 150 and 151, and the supply of oil to the c -'linder is controlled by a valve 152, mounted in the valve-casing and provided with an operating-rod 153, extending to the front of the cross-slide, where it is within convenient reach of the operator. The valve-chamber151, within which the valve 152 tits, is connected with the supply pipe 117 through a port 155 and is connected with the pipes 150 and 151 through ports 156 and 157. The valve-chamber also communicates with an eXl'iaust-pipe 158 through exhaust-ports 159 and 160. The valve is provided with three pistons 161, 162, and 163 for controlling the communication between the *arious ports, and thus controlling the supply and exhaust of the oil to and from the opposite ends of the cylinder 113.

During the normal running of the machine the stops on the cross-slide and carriage are forced toward each other and the valve 152 occupies the position shown in Fig. 20. hen the valve is in this position, the port 155 is in communication with the port 157, so that oil is supplied to the cylinder 113 through pipe 151 and a constant pressure is maintained in the cylinder between the end 111 and the piston 115. \Vhen it is desired, to move the cross-slide back temporarily, the operator pushes in the rod 153. This movement of the valve-rod brings the piston 162 between the ports 151- and 155, cutting off the communication between the oii'supply and the pipe 151 and opening up the communication between said pipe and the exhaust-port 160. This movement of the valve also carries the piston 161 into position betwetm the port 156 and the port 151), thereby shuttil'ig off the communication between the pipe 150 and the exhaust and opening up the communication between this pipe and the supply-pipe 117. Oil is now forced into the cylinder 113 between the end 116 and the piston 1-15, thereby moving the cross-slide back until its backward movement is arrested by the engagement of the block 133 with the end of a gear 161, the function of which will be explained later. \Vhen the slide is to be returned to its previous position, the operator draws the rod 153 upward, thereby returning the valve to the position shown in Fig. 30 and connecting the pipe 151 with the 

